Isibonakude sezinkanyezi sesayensi yezingane kanye nesibonakude semfundo sokuhlolwa kweleveli yokungena
Amapharamitha womkhiqizo
| Mi-odel | I-KY-F36050 |
| Powe | 18X/60X |
| Indawo ekhanyayo | 50mm (2.4 ″) |
| Ubude bokugxila | 360 mm |
| Isibuko se-Oblique | 90° |
| Isiqephu samehlo | H20mm/H6mm. |
| Ubude be-refractive / focus | 360mm |
| Isisindo | Cishe 1kg |
| Mi-aterial | I-aluminium Alloy |
| Pcs/ibhokisi | 12ama-pcs |
| Cusayizi webhokisi le-olor | 44CM*21CM*10CM |
| Wayisishiyagalombili/ibhokisi | 11.2kg |
| Cusayizi we-arton | 64x45x42cm |
| Incazelo emfushane | Isibonakude Se-AR Sangaphandle Refractor Sezingane Ezisaqalayo |
Ukucushwa:
I-eyepiece: h20mm, h6mm ama-eyepiece amabili
1.5x isibuko esihle
90 degree zenith mirror
38 cm ukuphakama kwe-aluminium tripod
Isitifiketi sekhadi lewaranti eyenziwe ngesandla
Izinkomba eziyinhloko:
★ ubude be-refractive / focal: 360mm, indawo ekhanyayo: 50mm
★ izikhathi ezingu-60 nezikhathi ezingu-18 zingahlanganiswa, futhi izikhathi ezingu-90 nezikhathi ezingu-27 zingahlanganiswa nesibuko esihle esingu-1.5x
★ ukulungiswa kwethiyori: 2.000 arcseconds, okulingana izinto ezimbili ngebanga 0.970 cm at 1000 amamitha.
★ umbala wombhobho welensi eyinhloko: isiliva (njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni)
★ isisindo: Cishe 1kg
★ usayizi webhokisi langaphandle: 44cm * 21cm * 10cm
Inhlanganisela yokubuka: 1.5x isibuko esihle esingu-h20mm eyepiece (isithombe esihle esigcwele)
Imithetho yokusebenzisa:
1. Hlukanisa izinyawo ezisekelayo, faka umgqomo we-telescope ejokeni futhi uwulungise ngezikulufo zokukhiya ezinkulu.
2. Faka isibuko se-zenith kusilinda esigxilile bese usilungisa ngezikulufo ezihambisanayo.
3. Faka i-eyepiece esibukweni se-zenith futhi usilungise ngezikulufo ezihambisanayo.
4. Uma ufuna ukukhulisa ngesibuko esihle, sifake phakathi kwe-eyepiece kanye ne-lens barrel (asikho isidingo sokufaka isibuko se-zenith se-90 degree), ukuze ukwazi ukubona umzimba wasezulwini.
Yini i-Astronomical telescope?
I-telescope yezinkanyezi iyithuluzi eliyinhloko lokubuka izindikimba zasemkhathini kanye nokuthwebula imininingwane yasemkhathini.Kusukela uGalileo enza isibonakude sokuqala ngo-1609, isibonakude besilokhu sikhula ngokuqhubekayo.Kusukela kubhendi ye-optical kuya kubhande eligcwele, ukusuka emhlabathini kuya emkhathini, ikhono lokubuka lesibonakude liya liqina futhi libe namandla, futhi ulwazi oluthe xaxa lwemizimba yasezulwini lungabanjwa.Abantu banezibonakude ebhandeni le-electromagnetic wave, i-neutrino, amagagasi adonsela phansi, imisebe ye-cosmic nokunye.
Umlando Wokuthuthukiswa:
Isibonakude savela ezingilazini.Abantu baqala ukusebenzisa izibuko eminyakeni engaba ngu-700 edlule.Cishe ngo-1300 isikhangiso, amaNtaliyane aqala ukwenza izibuko zokufunda ngamalensi ayi-convex.Cishe ngo-1450 isikhangiso, izibuko ze-myopia nazo zavela.Ngo-1608, umfundi ka-H. Lippershey, umkhiqizi wamehlo waseDashi, wathola ngephutha ukuthi ngokuhlanganisa amalensi amabili ndawonye, wayekwazi ukubona izinto ezikude.Ngo-1609, lapho uGalileo, usosayensi waseNtaliyane, ezwa ngokusungulwa, ngokushesha wazenzela esakhe isibonakude futhi wasisebenzisela ukuhlola izinkanyezi.Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kwazalwa isibonakude sokuqala sezinkanyezi.U-Galileo waqaphela izenzakalo zama-sunspots, imigodi yenyanga, amasathelayithi e-Jupiter (amasathelayithi aseGalileo) kanye nenzuzo nokulahlekelwa kweVenus ngesibonakude sakhe, esasekela kakhulu inkolelo-mbono kaCopernicus yokuthi i-heliocentric.Isibonakude sikaGalileo senziwe ngomgomo wokuphindaphinda ukukhanya, ngakho sibizwa ngokuthi i-refractor.
Ngo-1663, isazi sezinkanyezi saseScotland uGregory senza isibuko sikaGregory ngokusebenzisa isimiso sokubonisa ukukhanya, kodwa sasingathandeki ngenxa yobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obungavuthiwe.Ngo-1667, usosayensi waseBrithani uNewton wawuthuthukisa kancane umbono kaGregory futhi wenza isibuko saseNewton.Imbobo yayo ingu-2.5cm kuphela, kodwa ukukhuliswa kungaphezu kwezikhathi ezingama-30.Iphinde iqede umehluko wombala we-refraction telescope, okwenza kube usizo kakhulu.Ngo-1672, umFulentshi uCassegrain waklama isibonisi esivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu seCassegrain ngokusebenzisa izibuko eziconcave kanye neconvex.Isibonakude sinobude bokugxila okude, umzimba welensi emfushane, ukukhuliswa okukhulu kanye nesithombe esicacile;Ingasetshenziselwa ukuthwebula izithombe ezinkulu nezincane zasemkhathini ensimini.Isibonakude se-Hubble sisebenzisa lolu hlobo lwesibonakude esibukwayo.
Ngo-1781, izazi zezinkanyezi zaseBrithani u-W. Herschel no-C. Herschel bathola i-Uranus ngesibuko sokuvula esingamasentimitha angu-15 sokuzakhela sona.Kusukela lapho, izazi zezinkanyezi zengeze imisebenzi eminingi kusibonakude ukuze sibe nekhono lokuhlaziya i-spectral nokunye.Ngo-1862, izazi zezinkanyezi zaseMelika uClark nendodana yakhe (A. Clark no-A. g. Clark) benza i-aperture refractor engu-47 cm futhi bathatha izithombe zezinkanyezi ezihambisana noSirius.Ngo-1908, isazi sezinkanyezi saseMelika u-Haier sahola ukwakhiwa kwesibuko sokuvula esingamamitha angu-1.53 ukuze sithwebule izinkanyezi ezihambisana no-Sirius.Ngo-1948, isibonakude i-Haier saqedwa.Ukuvuleka kwayo okungamamitha angu-5.08 kwanele ukubuka nokuhlaziya ibanga kanye nesivinini esibonakalayo sezindikimba ezikude zasemkhathini.
Ngo-1931, udokotela wamehlo waseJalimane uSchmidt wenza isibonakude saseSchmidt, kwathi ngo-1941, isazi sezinkanyezi saseSoviet uMark Sutov wenza isibuko sokungena kabusha se-mark sutov Cassegrain, esacebisa izinhlobo zezibonakude.
Ezikhathini zanamuhla nezanamuhla, izibonakude zezinkanyezi azisanqunyelwe kumabhendi okukhanya.Ngo-1932, oNjiniyela beRadio baseMelika bathola imisebe yomsakazo evela phakathi nomthala i-Milky Way, okuphawula ukuzalwa kwesayensi yezinkanyezi yomsakazo.Ngemva kokwethulwa kwamasathelayithi enziwe umuntu ngo-1957, izibonakude zasemkhathini zachuma.Kusukela ngekhulu leminyaka elisha, izibonakude ezintsha njenge-neutrino, izinto ezimnyama namagagasi adonsela phansi zisenyuka.Manje, imiyalezo eminingi ethunyelwa izindikimba zasemkhathini isiphenduke isikhwama sezazi zezinkanyezi, futhi ukubona komuntu kuya ngokuya kuba banzi.
Ekuqaleni kukaNovemba 2021, ngemva kwesikhathi eside sokuthuthukiswa kobunjiniyela nokuhlolwa kokuhlanganiswa, i-James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) eyayilindelwe ngabomvu yagcina ifikile endaweni yokwethulwa etholakala e-French Guiana futhi izokwethulwa maduze nje.
Umgomo wokusebenza we-astronomical telescope:
Isimiso sokusebenza sesibonakude sezinkanyezi ukuthi i-lens yenhloso (i-convex lens) igxile esithombeni, esikhuliswa i-eyepiece (i-convex lens).Igxiliswa ilensi eyinhloso bese ikhuliswa i-eyepiece.I-lens yenhloso kanye ne-eyepiece yizakhiwo ezihlukaniswe kabili, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yesithombe.Khulisa ukukhanya kokukhanya endaweni ngayinye, ukuze abantu bathole izinto ezimnyama nemininingwane eyengeziwe.Okungena emehlweni akho kucishe kube nokukhanya okuhambisanayo, futhi okubonayo kuwumfanekiso ocatshangelwayo okhuliswe isiqephu samehlo.Kuwukukhulisa i-engeli encane yokuvula into ekude ngokusho kokukhulisa okuthile, ukuze ibe ne-engeli enkulu yokuvula endaweni yesithombe, ukuze into engenakubonwa noma ehlukaniswe ngeso lenyama icace futhi ihlukaniseke.Kuyisistimu yokubona egcina ugongolo lwesigameko oluhambisanayo lukhishwa ngokuhambisana ngelensi yomgomo kanye necezu leso.Ngokuvamile kunezinhlobo ezintathu:
1. Isibonakude esibukwayo yisibonakude esinamalensi njengelensi ewumgomo.Ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: Isibonakude iGalileo esine-concave lens njenge-eyepiece;I-Kepler telescope ene-convex lens njenge-eyepiece.Ngenxa yokuthi ukushintshashintsha kwe-chromatic nokujika okuyindilinga kwenjongo yelensi eyodwa kubi kakhulu, izibonakude zesimanje zokuphinda zivame ukusebenzisa amaqembu amalensi amabili noma ngaphezulu.
2, Isibonakude esikhanyayo yisibonakude esinesibuko esiyi-concave njengelensi yenhloso.Ingahlukaniswa nge-Newton telescope, iCassegrain telescope nezinye izinhlobo.Inzuzo eyinhloko yesibonakude esikhanyayo ukuthi akukho ukushintshashintsha kwe-chromatic.Lapho i-lens yenhloso ithatha i-paraboloid, ukuphambuka okuyindilinga nakho kungaqedwa.Nokho, ukuze kuncishiswe ithonya lokunye ukuphambuka, inkambu etholakalayo yokubuka incane.Izinto zokukhiqiza isibuko zidinga kuphela i-coefficient encane yokwandisa, ukucindezeleka okuphansi nokugaya kalula.
3, Isibonakude se-Catadioptric sisekelwe esibukweni esiyindilinga futhi sengezwe ngento ye-refractive yokulungiswa kwe-aberration, engagwema ukucubungula okunzima kwe-aspherical kanye nokuthola ikhwalithi yesithombe esihle.Edumile isibonakude i-Schmidt, esibeka ipuleti lokulungisa i-Schmidt enkabeni eyindilinga yesibuko esiyindilinga.Indawo eyodwa iyindiza kanti enye iyi-aspherical ekhubazekile kancane, okwenza ingxenye emaphakathi yogodo ihlangane kancane futhi ingxenye ewumngcele ihluke kancane, ivele ilungise ukuphambuka okuyindilinga kanye ne-coma.
