Ukuthengisa okuqondile kwasefekthri kukalwa ngokuqinile ingilazi eyenziwe izibuko zeprism optical.
I-Prism, into esobala ezungezwe izindiza ezimbili eziphambanayo ezingahambelani, ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa noma ukuhlakaza imishayo yokukhanya.I-Prism iyi-polyhedron eyenziwe ngezinto ezibonakalayo (njengengilazi, ikristalu, njll.).Isetshenziswa kabanzi kumathuluzi optical.Ama-Prism angahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningana ngokuya ngezakhiwo zawo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwawo.Isibonelo, kumathuluzi e-spectral, "i-dispersion prism" ebolisa ukukhanya okuyinhlanganisela ibe yi-spectrum isetshenziswa kakhulu njenge-equilateral prism;Ku-periscope, isibonakude se-binocular kanye nezinye izinsimbi, ukushintsha isiqondiso sokukhanya ukuze kulungiswe indawo yakho yokucabanga kubizwa ngokuthi “ithotal reflection prism”, ngokuvamile ethatha i-prism ye-engeli engakwesokudla.
Incazelo:
I-Prism iyi-polyhedron eyenziwe ngezinto ezibonakalayo (njengengilazi, ikristalu, njll.).Isetshenziswa kabanzi kumathuluzi optical.Ama-Prism angahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningana ngokuya ngezakhiwo zawo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwawo.Isibonelo, kumathuluzi e-spectral, "i-dispersion prism" ebolisa ukukhanya okuyinhlanganisela ibe yi-spectrum isetshenziswa kakhulu njenge-equilateral prism;Ku-periscope, isibonakude se-binocular kanye nezinye izinsimbi, ukushintsha isiqondiso sokukhanya ukuze kulungiswe indawo yakho yokucabanga kubizwa ngokuthi “ithotal reflection prism”, ngokuvamile ethatha i-prism ye-engeli engakwesokudla.
Thola:
UNewton wathola ukuhlakazeka kokukhanya ngo-1666, futhi amaShayina ayedlula abantu bakwamanye amazwe kulokhu.Ngekhulu le-10 AD, amaShayina abiza i-crystal esobala yemvelo ngemuva kokukhanyiswa ukukhanya kwelanga "itshe le-Wuguang" noma "itshe le-Guangguang", futhi aqaphela ukuthi "ekukhanyeni kwelanga, kuba imibala emihlanu njenge-neon".Lokhu ukuqonda kokuqala kokuhlakazeka kokukhanya emhlabeni.Kubonisa ukuthi abantu baye bakhulula ukuhlakazeka kokukhanya emfihlakalweni futhi bayazi ukuthi kuyinto yemvelo, okuyinqubekelaphambili enkulu ekuqondeni ukukhanya.Sekuyiminyaka engu-700 ngaphambi kokuqonda kukaNewton ukuthi ukukhanya okumhlophe kwakhiwe ngemibala eyisikhombisa ngokuhlukanisa ukukhanya kwelanga kube imibala eyisikhombisa ngeprism.
Ukuhlukaniswa:
I-Polyhedron eyenziwe ngezinto ezibonakalayo iyisici esibalulekile se-optical.Indiza okungena kuyo futhi kuphume ukukhanya kubizwa ngokuthi uhlangothi, futhi indiza ebheke eceleni ibizwa ngokuthi ingxenye enkulu.Ngokuvumelana nokuma kwengxenye eyinhloko, ingahlukaniswa ibe amaprism amathathu, ama-engeli angakwesokudla, ama-pentagonal prism, njll. Ingxenye eyinhloko ye-prism ingunxantathu enezindawo ezimbili ze-refractive.I-angle yabo ehlanganisiwe ibizwa ngokuthi i-engeli ephezulu, futhi indiza ephambene ne-engeli ephezulu ingaphezulu.Ngokomthetho we-refraction, ukukhanya kudlula ku-prism futhi kuphambuke kabili phansi.I-engeli efakiwe Q phakathi kokukhanya okuphumayo nokukhanya kwesigameko kubizwa ngokuthi i-deflection angle.Ubukhulu bayo bunqunywa inkomba ye-refractive n kanye ne-engeli yesigameko I ye-prism medium.Uma ngilungisiwe, amaza ahlukene okukhanya anama-engeli ahlukene okuchezuka.Ekukhanyeni okubonakalayo, i-engeli enkulu yokuchezuka ukukhanya okunsomi kanti encane kakhulu ukukhanya okubomvu.
Umsebenzi:
Empilweni yanamuhla, i-prism isetshenziswa kabanzi kumishini yedijithali, isayensi nobuchwepheshe, izinsimbi zezokwelapha neminye imikhakha.
Imishini yedijithali evamile: ikhamera, ithelevishini evaliwe, iprojektha, ikhamera yedijithali, ikhamera yedijithali, i-CCD lens kanye nemishini ehlukahlukene yokubona; Isayensi nobuchwepheshe: isibonakude, isibonakhulu, igeji yezinga, insimbi yezigxivizo zeminwe, ukubona isibhamu, isiguquli selanga kanye nezinsimbi ezihlukahlukene zokulinganisa; Izinsimbi zezokwelapha: i-cystoscope, i-gastroscope kanye nemishini yokwelapha ye-laser ehlukahlukene
Izici
I-K9 Crystal Optical Glass Cube yangokwezifiso noma i-Infrared Material X-Cube Prism
Iprism ye-dichroic iyiprism ehlukanisa ukukhanya kube yimishayo emibili enobude obuhlukile (umbala).
Umhlangano we-drichroic prism uhlanganisa amaprism amabili e-dichroic ukuze ahlukanise isithombe sibe imibala emi-3, ngokuvamile ebomvu, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka kumodeli yombala we-RGB.Ngokuvamile zakhiwe nge-prism yengilazi eyodwa noma amaningi anama-dichroic optical coatings abonisa ngokukhethayo noma adlulise ukukhanya kuye ngobude begagasi bokukhanya.Okusho ukuthi, izindawo ezithile ngaphakathi kweprism zisebenza njengezihlungi ze-dichroic.Lezi zisetshenziswa njengezihlukanisi zemishayo ezinsimbini eziningi ze-optical
Inzuzo
Ukumuncwa kokukhanya okuncane, ukukhanya okuningi kuqondiswe kwenye yemishayo yokukhishwayo.
Ukuhlukaniswa kombala okungcono kunezinye izihlungi eziningi.
Kulula ukwenza noma iyiphi inhlanganisela yamabhendi okudlula.
Ayidingi ukutolikwa kombala (i-demosaicing) futhi ngaleyo ndlela igwema wonke ama-artifact anombala ongamanga avame ukubonakala ezithombeni ezenziwe ngedemosaic.